The Radiological Emergency Preparedness Program is responsible for developing and maintaining Wisconsin's emergency plans to a nuclear incident and exercising those response plans with affected local communities and the utilities.

The nuclear power plants located in Wisconsin are Kewaunee and Point Beach, and the Prairie Island plant is located across the Mississippi River near Red Wing, Minnesota. In addition, spent nuclear fuel rods are kept in a cooling pool at the Dairyland Power Cooperative in Genoa and at the Zion Nuclear Generating Plant located on Lake Michigan near the Wisconsin/Illinois border.

The Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) requires each utility operating a nuclear power plant to demonstrate its ability, once every two years, to respond to a radiological emergency.